Caladium (Caladium spp.) Description:
Caladiums are tropical, tuberous perennials native to South and Central America, primarily from Brazil. They are widely admired for their vibrant, large, heart-shaped leaves which come in a wide array of colors including white, green, pink, red, and combinations thereof. Often referred to as "Angel Wings" or "Elephant Ears" (though other plants also share these names), they bring a striking pop of color to gardens and indoor spaces.
The foliage of caladiums features striking veins and patterns, making them popular ornamental plants both outdoors in shady gardens and indoors as houseplants. While they do flower, the blossoms are insignificant compared to the dramatic foliage. The leaves emerge from underground tubers, and these plants are often used in containers, borders, or shade gardens.
Caladium Care Sheet:
1. Light Requirements:
Indoors: Caladiums thrive in bright, indirect light. Avoid direct sunlight as it can scorch the leaves.
Outdoors: They prefer partial to full shade. Too much direct sun can cause leaf burn, but some varieties tolerate more light.
2. Temperature & Humidity:
Temperature: Caladiums are tropical plants, preferring warm temperatures between 65°F and 85°F (18°C to 29°C). They are not frost-tolerant and should be protected from cold.
Humidity: High humidity is ideal for caladiums. If growing indoors in a dry environment, misting or using a humidity tray can help. They enjoy humid, moist environments but should not sit in water.
3. Watering:
Frequency: Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water whenever the top inch of soil feels dry.
Dormancy: In the fall, when temperatures drop or as the growing season ends, caladiums may go dormant. At this time, reduce watering and allow the tubers to rest until they re-sprout in spring.
4. Soil:
Caladiums prefer well-draining soil rich in organic matter. A mix of potting soil, peat, and perlite or sand can provide the aeration they need to thrive.
5. Fertilizer:
During the growing season (spring and summer), feed caladiums with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks. Stop fertilizing when the plant starts to go dormant.
6. Tubers and Dormancy:
If grown in a climate that experiences colder winters, caladium tubers should be dug up and stored indoors when temperatures drop below 60°F (15°C). To store, dig up the tubers, let them dry, and place them in a cool, dry, dark place until spring. In warmer climates, they may remain in the ground year-round.
7. Pruning:
Remove any yellowing or damaged leaves to keep the plant healthy and encourage new growth.
8. Pests and Problems:
Caladiums are relatively pest-free, but they can occasionally be bothered by aphids, spider mites, or mealybugs. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
They may also suffer from root rot if overwatered or if planted in poorly draining soil.
9. Propagation:
Caladiums are typically propagated by dividing tubers. When dividing, ensure that each tuber piece has at least one “eye” or growing point.
10. Indoor vs. Outdoor Care:
Indoors, caladiums need consistent warmth and humidity. Place them near a humidifier or mist regularly. Outdoors, ensure they are planted in a shaded area with good airflow to prevent fungal issues.
By following these guidelines, you can keep your caladiums healthy and enjoy their bold, colorful foliage year after year.